spend the second point of the lineup that I have promised to adhere to the intervention that will make a few giornao International Film Festival in Ferrara, in the context of the meeting on science and journalism .
The lineup is as follows:
1. Science journalism is in crisis? And his difficulties are due to the network?
2. Rules and conventions of traditional scientific journalism
3. Difficulty of science journalism in new and old media
4. Innovative initiatives
5. Science journalism in the coming years between the "new journalism" and evolution of the relationship between science and society.
Step 2. Rules and conventions of science journalism
traditional science is written in the papers since their invention and even more when they claim as the main expression of popular culture. The emergence of a new editorial figure, respected and specialized in reporting the facts of science is slow and later. The news
scientific acquires the status of a recognizable type of journalism only towards the end of the First World War. During the '30s we are the first professional associations in the United States and Great Britain. From Anglo-Saxon world is called a model of standards, conventions, practices and relationships that spreads successfully throughout the world and remains unchallenged roughly until the 60s of the twentieth century, when in response to instances of peace movements, environmentalists and anti-militarists began to be told the controversial aspects of scientific development.
Despite more than forty two models of science journalism contend the scene, still prevalent image of the science journalist whose role is to provide assistance in promoting the benefits of science and technology in the name of a overall social progress. From this approach come the reasons why a scientific fact becomes news, "news values" of science journalism, namely the ways in which some facts about the world of science, and not others, find space on the media.
In summary, the role of science journalism and the journalist's traditional science can be described as follows:
a) Functions: science journalists should promote a positive image of science and technology, are mouthpieces of truth in the service of modernity ; their job is to translate and explain the science to minimize distortions from a perfect knowledge. Doing surveys and analysis is not within their duties. Little space is left to the "why" scientists do their work;
b) Practices: symbiosis with the scientific community; alignment with the rhythms of science to be covered, autonomy and distinction from other components of the newsrooms;
c) Sources: scientists and scientific journals, especially those with high impact factors (Nature and Science);
d) newsworthiness criteria: reliability of sources; fascination and distance from daily concerns such as physics, astronomy, geology, the consequences on human health, life sciences, and general knowledge of the importance of the benefits of the advancement of scientific knowledge to society and
) Frames: Frames are strategies Impega by journalists to make a significant fact in the eyes of readers. Frames organize ideas, give emphasis to some aspects and not others, are defined so as to resonate with the backgorund of values, expectations and guidelines for different audiences, enabling rapid identification of the reasons why an issue is important, who can be responsible and to understand what should be done.
The process of construction of the frames is the result of negotiations through which decisions such as position, title, captions, images to accompany an article. Several players are involved in the definition of frames, including journalists, editors, publishers, sources. Overall, the frames have an effect not only in choosing which facts or statements expressed they come from sources selected as newsworthy, but also in the narrative conventions with which the news is reported and the possible impact on public perception.
In traditional science journalism, narrative conventions by which they are covered science and scientists are: inaccessibility, moral superiority, distance from the ordinary things of scientists, science as a finished product, the scientific results as a reliable and objective, science as powerful tool for social transformation and cultural causal relationship between science and technology, and in science as a solitary figure, selfless and passionate seeker truth.
These forms, conventions and practices have generated a number of classical problems of science journalism that has been joined by the new for the evolution of relations between science and society and to the emergence of digital technologies. This is the argument which I will address the third point of my speech.
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